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- SSSSMMMMTTTTPPPPIIIINNNNGGGG((((1111MMMM)))) SSSSMMMMTTTTPPPPIIIINNNNGGGG((((1111MMMM))))
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- NNNNAAAAMMMMEEEE
- smtping - send FDDI SMT Echo Request frames to FDDI stations
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- SSSSYYYYNNNNOOOOPPPPSSSSIIIISSSS
- ////uuuussssrrrr////eeeettttcccc////ssssmmmmttttppppiiiinnnngggg [----ddddffffnnnnqqqqvvvv] [----cccc _c_o_u_n_t] [----ssss _s_i_z_e] [----llll _p_r_e_l_o_a_d]
- [----iiii _i_n_t_e_r_v_a_l] [----IIII _i_n_t_e_r_f_a_c_e] [----pppp _p_a_t_t_e_r_n] _h_o_s_t
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- DDDDEEEESSSSCCCCRRRRIIIIPPPPTTTTIIIIOOOONNNN
- _s_m_t_p_i_n_g is a tool for FDDI ring testing, measurement and management. It
- sends the FDDI Station Management (SMT) Echo request frames to elicit an
- Echo response frame from other FDDI stations or concentrators. Echo
- request frames (``pings'') have a MAC header, a SMT header, a transaction
- ID and an INFO field. The INFO field has an 8-byte timestamp, and then
- an arbitrary number of ``pad'' bytes used to fill out the packet. The
- _s_m_t_p_i_n_g tests for SMT connectivity; the related utility, _p_i_n_g(1M), tests
- for the higher-level IP/ICMP connectivity.
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- The _h_o_s_t can be a MAC address of a host or the symbolic name of its MAC
- address which can be found in /_e_t_c/_e_t_h_e_r_s or the NIS _e_t_h_e_r_s._b_y_n_a_m_e map.
- The options are:
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- ----cccc _c_o_u_n_t
- Stop after sending (and receiving) _c_o_u_n_t Echo frames.
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- ----dddd Set the SO_DEBUG option on the socket being used.
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- ----ffff Flood ping. Outputs frames as fast as they come back or one hundred
- times per second, whichever is more. For every Echo request frame
- sent, a period '.' is printed, while for every Echo response
- received a backspace is printed. This provides a rapid display of
- how many packets are being dropped. _F_l_o_o_d_i_n_g _c_a_n _b_e _e_x_t_r_e_m_e_l_y
- _s_t_r_e_s_s_f_u_l _o_n _a _n_e_t_w_o_r_k _a_n_d _s_h_o_u_l_d _b_e _u_s_e_d _w_i_t_h _c_a_u_t_i_o_n.
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- ----iiii _i_n_t_e_r_v_a_l
- Wait _i_n_t_e_r_v_a_l seconds between sending each frame. The default is to
- wait for one second between each packet. This option is
- incompatible with the ----ffff option.
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- ----llll _p_r_e_l_o_a_d
- Send _p_r_e_l_o_a_d frames as fast as possible before falling into the
- normal mode of behavior.
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- ----nnnn Numeric output only. Does not try to translate the MAC address into
- its symbolic name in the _e_t_h_e_r_s database.
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- ----pppp _p_a_t_t_e_r_n
- Specify up to 16 ``pad'' bytes to fill out the frames sent. This
- option is useful for diagnosing data-dependent problems in a
- network. For example, ``-p ff'' will cause the sent frames to be
- filled with all 1s.
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- PPPPaaaaggggeeee 1111
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- SSSSMMMMTTTTPPPPIIIINNNNGGGG((((1111MMMM)))) SSSSMMMMTTTTPPPPIIIINNNNGGGG((((1111MMMM))))
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- ----IIII _i_n_t_e_r_f_a_c_e
- Use _i_n_t_e_r_f_a_c_e to send each ECHO frame and receive responses. The
- _i_n_t_e_r_f_a_c_e is a string of the form ``name unit'', for example,
- ``ipg0''. The default is set to the station's primary interface.
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- ----qqqq Quiet output. Nothing is displayed except the summary line on
- termination.
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- ----ssss _s_i_z_e
- Send frames containing _s_i_z_e bytes of data. The default is 12, which
- translates into 64-byte SMT frame. The maximum allowed value is
- 65468 bytes(even though _s_m_t_p_i_n_g accepts up to 65468 bytes of packet
- size, any _s_i_z_e larger than 4500 will result in failure because the
- maximum FDDI packet size is 4500).
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- ----vvvv Verbose output. SMT frames other than Echo responses that are
- received are listed.
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- _s_m_t_p_i_n_g should be used primarily for manual fault isolation. Because of
- the load it can impose on the network, it is unwise to use _s_m_t_p_i_n_g during
- normal operations or from automated scripts.
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- _s_m_t_p_i_n_g continually sends one frame per second and prints one line of
- output for every Echo response returned. If the ----cccc _c_o_u_n_t option is
- given, only that number of requests is sent. No output is produced if
- the station does not respond. Roundtrip times and frame loss statistics
- are computed. If duplicate frames are received, they are not included in
- the frame loss calculation, although the round trip time of these frames
- is used in calculating the minimum/average/maximum round-trip time
- numbers. When the specified number of frames have been sent (and
- received) or if the program is terminated with an interrupt (SIGINT), a
- brief summary is displayed. When not using the ----ffff (flood) option, the
- first interrupt, usually generated by control-C or DEL, causes _s_m_t_p_i_n_g to
- wait for its outstanding requests to return. It will wait no longer than
- the longest round trip time encountered by previous, successful pings.
- The second interrupt stops _s_m_t_p_i_n_g immediately.
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- DDDDUUUUPPPPLLLLIIIICCCCAAAATTTTEEEE AAAANNNNDDDD DDDDAAAAMMMMAAAAGGGGEEEEDDDD PPPPAAAACCCCKKKKEEEETTTTSSSS
- _s_m_t_p_i_n_g will report duplicate and damaged packets. Duplicate packets are
- expected if the target address is a multicast or broadcast address;
- otherwise duplicates are not expected.
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- Damaged packets are obviously serious cause for alarm and often indicate
- broken hardware somewhere in the _s_m_t_p_i_n_g packet's path (in the network or
- in the hosts).
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- TTTTRRRRYYYYIIIINNNNGGGG DDDDIIIIFFFFFFFFEEEERRRREEEENNNNTTTT DDDDAAAATTTTAAAA PPPPAAAATTTTTTTTEEEERRRRNNNNSSSS
- The link-level layer should never treat packets differently depending on
- the data contained in the data portion. Unfortunately, data-dependent
- problems have been known to sneak into networks and remain undetected for
- long periods of time. In many cases the particular pattern that will
- have problems is something that doesn't have sufficient ``transitions'',
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- PPPPaaaaggggeeee 2222
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- SSSSMMMMTTTTPPPPIIIINNNNGGGG((((1111MMMM)))) SSSSMMMMTTTTPPPPIIIINNNNGGGG((((1111MMMM))))
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- such as all 1s or all 0s, or a pattern right at the edge, such as almost
- all 0s. It isn't necessarily enough to specify a data pattern of all 0s
- (for example) on the command line because the pattern that is of interest
- is at the data link level, and the relationship between what you type and
- what the controllers transmit can be complicated.
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- If you have a data-dependent problem you will probably have to do a lot
- of testing to find it. If you are lucky, you may manage to find a file
- that either can't be sent across your network or takes much longer to
- transfer than other similar length files. You can then examine this file
- for repeated patterns that you can test using the ----pppp option of _s_m_t_p_i_n_g.
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- FFFFIIIILLLLEEEESSSS
- /etc/ethers MAC address database
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- SSSSEEEEEEEE AAAALLLLSSSSOOOO
- smtstat(1), smtconfig(1M), ethers(4)
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- PPPPaaaaggggeeee 3333
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